TCL4 Asymptotic Redundancy and Canonically Consistent Master Equations
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Abstract
Left alone, open quantum systems relax toward a Kubo--Martin--Schwinger (KMS) equilibrium state, yet the inner workings of this process remain opaque. It remains unclear why the intricate fourth-order time-convolutionless (TCL4) population generator reproduces the comparatively simple second-order stationary state corrections. Even more surprisingly, stationary-state corrections of such precision can be compressed into a simple virtual coherence pathway: an open quantum systems analogue of virtual transitions, in which populations communicate through coherences that are never occupied. Here we show that this simplification arises through a sequence of stationary-state-preserving transformations that progressively eliminate asymptotically redundant components while preserving the stationary state, ultimately yielding the virtual coherence pathway. This resolves the longstanding stationary-state problem of the Redfield equation and reveals that much of the apparent complexity of the TCL4 generator is asymptotically redundant.