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Acceleration of Free Electrons by Photonic Time-Crystals
Lior Bar-Hillel, Alexey Gorlach, Ido Kaminer, Mordechai Segev·June 20, 2026
Quantum Physicsphysics.optics
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Abstract
We study the quantum interaction between free electrons and photons in a time-varying media, and find that periodic modulation exponentially amplifies electron-photon coupling within momentum gaps, enabling arbitrarily large momentum transfer. By preparing the light in a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the electron momentum grows faster than its spectral spreading, establishing time-modulated photonic media as a platform for accelerating free-electrons and shaping their quantum state.