Interference-induced state engineering and Hamiltonian control for noisy collective-spin metrology

Abstract

Interference provides a fundamental mechanism for generating and manipulating entanglement in many-body quantum systems. Here, we develop an interference framework in which the nonlinear dynamics of collective spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ ensembles are mapped onto phase accumulation and self-interference in phase space, providing a direct and physically transparent description of entanglement formation. Within this framework, one-axis twisting produces Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, while two-axis twisting generates multi-component GHZ superpositions relevant for multiparameter quantum metrology. Building on this interference-based description, we analyze metrological performance under realistic Markovian noise, including local and collective emission, pumping, and dephasing, and examine the role of Hamiltonian control based on linear and nonlinear interactions. We show that while control can enhance single-parameter sensitivity in a noise-dependent regime, the achievable precision in multiparameter estimation is fundamentally constrained. These results establish interference as a unifying principle linking nonlinear dynamics, entanglement generation, and metrological performance, and reveal intrinsic limitations of multiparameter quantum sensing. Our framework provides broadly applicable insight into the design of robust quantum-enhanced measurement protocols in noisy many-body systems.