Imaging Harmonic Generation of Magnons

Abstract

This work combines theory and experiment to examine the mechanisms underlying the harmonic generation of magnons. We develop a nonlinear spin-wave framework that is directly analogous to harmonic generation in nonlinear optics, and combine it with scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry to image and quantify magnonic harmonic generation in a Ni$_{81}$Fe$_{19}$/Pt microstripe. Within this framework, the harmonic response arises from nonlinear magnetization dynamics localized at strongly inhomogeneous textures, such as the sample edges and domain walls, that act as anharmonic confining potentials. Scanning probe imaging confirms that the harmonic response is correspondingly nonuniform and concentrated near the sample edges. We measure an expected nonlinear power-law scaling, a systematic shift toward larger wavevector excitations at higher harmonic order, and a spin-selective response indicative of an increasingly chiral harmonic stray field. These results provide a microscopic understanding of magnonic harmonic generation and highlight its potential for engineering nonlinear functionality in magnonic systems.