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Zeeman effect in hydrogen treated in classical physics with classical zero-point radiation

Timothy H. Boyer·March 13, 2026
physics.class-phQuantum Physics

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Abstract

The Zeeman effect for the low resonant energy states of hydrogen is treated with classical electrodynamics including classical zero-point radiation. The electron is regarded as a classical charged particle in a Coulomb potential. The "space quantization" of old quantum theory, the Sommerfeld relativistic result, and the Stern-Gerlach experiment are all considered.

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