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A Note on Publicly Verifiable Quantum Money with Low Quantum Computational Resources
Fabrizio Genovese, Lev Stambler·December 24, 2025
Quantum PhysicsCryptography
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Abstract
In this work we present a publicly verifiable quantum money protocol which assumes close to no quantum computational capabilities. We rely on one-time memories which in turn can be built from quantum conjugate coding and hardware-based assumptions. Specifically, our scheme allows for a limited number of verifications and also allows for quantum tokens for digital signatures. Double spending is prevented by the no-cloning principle of conjugate coding states. An implementation of the concepts presented in this work can be found at https://github.com/neverlocal/otm_billz.