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Quantum Dynamics, Master Equation and Equilibrium for a Qubit Coupled to a Thermal Boson Field
Hiromichi Nakazato, Saverio Pascazio·October 15, 2025
Quantum Physics
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Abstract
We analytically derive the exact -- though formal -- master equation for a two-level quantum system (qubit) interacting with a bosonic environment within the rotating-wave approximation, assuming the environment is initially in an arbitrary thermal state. The long-time behavior of the evolution operator governing the dynamics of both the system and the environment is analyzed, and the conditions under which the system approaches thermal equilibrium are examined.