Speed of evolution in qutrit systems
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Abstract
The speed of evolution between perfectly distinguishable states is thoroughly analyzed in a closed three-level (qutrit) quantum system. Considering an evolution under an arbitrary time-independent Hamiltonian, we fully characterize the relevant parameters according to whether the corresponding quantum speed limit is given by the Mandelstam-Tamm, the Margolus-Levitin, or the Ness-Alberti-Sagi (dual) bound, thereby elucidating their hierarchy and relative importance. We revisit the necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the evolution of the initial state towards an orthogonal one in a finite time, and pay special attention to the full characterization of the speed of evolution, offering a speed map in parameter space that highlights regions associated with faster or slower dynamics. The general analysis is applied to concrete physical settings, particularly a pair of bosons governed by an extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, and a single particle in a triple-well potential. Our findings provide a framework to explore how the energetic resources and the initial configurations shape the pace of the dynamics in higher-dimensional systems.