Observation of disorder-free localization using a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory on a quantum processor
Gaurav Gyawali, Shashwat Kumar, Y. Lensky, E. Rosenberg, A. Szasz, T. Cochran, Renyi Chen, A. Karamlou, K. Kechedzhi, J. Berndtsson, T. Westerhout, A. Asfaw, D. Abanin, R. Acharya, L. Beni, Trond I. Andersen, M. Ansmann, F. Arute, K. Arya, N. Astrakhantsev, J. Atalaya, R. Babbush, B. Ballard, J. C. Bardin, A. Bengtsson, A. Bilmes, G. Bortoli, A. Bourassa, J. Bovaird, L. Brill, M. Broughton, D. A. Browne, B. Buchea, B. Buckley, D. Buell, T. Burger, B. Burkett, N. Bushnell, A. Cabrera, J. Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Zijun Chen, B. Chiaro, J. Claes, A. Cleland, J. Cogan, R. Collins, P. Conner, W. Courtney, A. Crook, Sayan Das, D. Debroy, Laura DeLorenzo, A. Barba, S. Demura, Agustin DiPaolo, P. Donohoe, I. Drozdov, A. Dunsworth, C. Earle, A. Eickbusch, A. M. Elbag, M. Elzouka, C. Erickson, L. Faoro, R. Fatemi, V. S. Ferreira, L. Burgos, E. Forati, A. Fowler, B. Foxen, S. Ganjam, R. Gasca, W. Giang, C. Gidney, D. Gilboa, R. Gosula, A. Dau, D. Graumann, A. Greene, J. Gross, S. Habegger, Michael C. Hamilton, M. Hansen, M. Harrigan, S. D. Harrington, S. Heslin, P. Heu, G. Hill, J. Hilton, M. Hoffmann, Hsin-Yuan Huang, A. Huff, W. Huggins, L. Ioffe, S. Isakov, E. Jeffrey, Zhang Jiang, Cody Jones, S. Jordan, C. Joshi, P. Juhás, D. Kafri, Hui Kang, T. Khaire, T. Khattar, M. Khezri, M. Kieferov'a, Seon Kim, P. Klimov, A. Klots, B. Kobrin, A. Korotkov, F. Kostritsa, J. Kreikebaum, V. Kurilovich, D. Landhuis, T. Lange-Dei, B. W. Langley, P. Laptev, K. Lau, Loick LeGuevel, J. Ledford, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lee, B. Lester, Wing Yan Li, A. Lill, Wayne Liu, W. Livingston, A. Locharla, D. Lundahl, A. Lunt, S. Madhuk, A. Maloney, S. Mandrà, L. S. Martin, Steven Martin, O. Martin, C. Maxfield, J. McClean, M. McEwen, S. Meeks, A. Megrant, Xiao Mi, K. Miao, A. Mieszala, S. Molina, S. Montazeri, A. Morvan, R. Movassagh, C. Neill, A. Nersisyan, M. Newman, A. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, M. Niu, W. D. Oliver, K. Ottosson, A. Pizzuto, R. Potter, O. Pritchard, L. Pryadko, C. Quintana, M. Reagor, D. M. Rhodes, G. Roberts, C. Rocque, N. Rubin, N. Saei, K. Sankaragomathi, K. Satzinger, H. Schurkus, C. Schuster, M. Shearn, A. Shorter, N. Shutty, V. Shvarts, V. Sivak, J. Skruzny, S. Small, W. C. Smith, S. Springer, G. Sterling, J. Suchard, M. Szalay, A. Sztein, D. Thor, M. Torunbalci, A. Vaishnav, S. Vdovichev, G. Vidal, C. Heidweiller, S. Waltman, Shannon Wang, T. White, K. Wong, B. Woo, C. Xing, Z. Yao, P. Yeh, B. Ying, Juhwan Yoo, N. Yosri, G. Young, Adam Zalcman, Yaxing Zhang, N. Zhu, N. Zobrist, S. Boixo, J. Kelly, E. Lucero, Yu Chen, V. Smelyanskiy, H. Neven, D. Kovrizhin, J. Knolle, Jad C. Halimeh, I. Aleiner, R. Moessner, P. Roushan·October 8, 2024
Physics
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Abstract
Disorder-induced phenomena in quantum many-body systems pose significant challenges for analytical methods and numerical simulations at relevant time and system scales. To reduce the cost of disorder-sampling, we investigate quantum circuits initialized in states tunable to superpositions over all disorder configurations. In a translationally-invariant lattice gauge theory (LGT), these states can be interpreted as a superposition over gauge sectors. We observe localization in this LGT in the absence of disorder in one and two dimensions: perturbations fail to diffuse despite fully disorder-free evolution and initial states. However, R\'enyi entropy measurements reveal that superposition-prepared states fundamentally differ from those obtained by direct disorder sampling. Leveraging superposition, we propose an algorithm with a polynomial speedup in sampling disorder configurations, a longstanding challenge in many-body localization studies.