Fermionic quantum processing with programmable neutral atom arrays
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Abstract
Significance Neutral atoms trapped in tweezer arrays have recently emerged as powerful quantum simulation platforms, with recent experiments targeting quantum spin models. In this work, we envision the next generation of programmable atomic quantum simulators, where not only the atom’s internal but also motional degrees of freedom are controlled to process quantum information. In the case of fermionic atoms, this allows to encode and simulate fermionic models locally, where Fermi statistics are guaranteed at the hardware level. We develop a set of fermionic quantum gates acting on this fermionic register, including digital tunneling gates, and use it to construct fermionic circuits. This approach reduces circuit depths for quantum simulation significantly compared to qubit encodings, which always incur resource overheads.