Decoding Merged Color-Surface Codes and Finding Fault-Tolerant Clifford Circuits Using Solvers for Satisfiability Modulo Theories
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Abstract
Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require the use of efficient protocols to implement encoded operations necessary in the execution of algorithms. In this work, we show how solvers for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT solvers) can be used to automate the construction of Clifford circuits with certain fault-tolerance properties and we apply our techniques to a fault-tolerant magic-state-preparation protocol. Part of the protocol requires converting magic states encoded in the color code to magic states encoded in the surface code. Since the teleportation step involves decoding a color code merged with a surface code, we develop a decoding algorithm that is applicable to such codes. to ensure that the fault does not propagate parallel to a logical operator. By imposing this constraint for each possible fault location for X -type errors, we ensure that no single faults in the syndrome extraction circuit propagate parallel to a X L logical operator. Similar constraints can be written to prevent Z -type errors from propagating parallel to a Z L logical operator.